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Self signed certs are not almost entirely replaced by letsencrypt

Bob Mottram 8 år sedan
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2 ändrade filer med 148 tillägg och 176 borttagningar
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42 
 | [[How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?]]                                          |
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 | [[How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?]]                                          |
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 | [[How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?]]                                               |
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 | [[How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?]]                                               |
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 | [[I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?]]             |
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 | [[I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?]]             |
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-| [[Why use self-signed certificates?]]                                                         |
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 | [[Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge]]                |
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 | [[Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge]]                |
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 | [[Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?]]                             |
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 | [[Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?]]                             |
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 | [[Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?]]                                        |
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 | [[Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?]]                                        |
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 #+end_src
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 Select /Administrator controls/ then *Security settings* then *Create a new Let's Encrypt certificate*.
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 Select /Administrator controls/ then *Security settings* then *Create a new Let's Encrypt certificate*.
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-* Why use self-signed certificates?
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-Almost everywhere on the web you will read that self-signed certificates are worthless. They bring up /scary-scary looking/ browser warnings and gurus will advise you not to use them. Self-signed certificates are quite useful though. What the scary warnings mean - and it would be good if they explained this more clearly - is that you have an encrypted connection established but there is /no certainty about who that connection is with/. They probably will protect the content of your communications from passive bulk interception - such as the tapping of under-sea cables.
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-
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-The current strategy on this system is to typically create self-signed certificates during the initial installation but also to have the ability to easily convert those to LetsEncrypt certificates via the security settings on the administrator control panel.
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-
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-You might say, /"but surely LetsEncrypt is a single point of failure!"/, and you'd be right. Maybe at some point in future LetsEncrypt is no longer a thing, or no longer considered sufficiently secure. That's why building in total dependence upon one organisation is a bad idea, and it's still possible to have self-signed certs as a fallback option.
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 * Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge
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 * Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge
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 [[https://cryptostorm.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=2954&sid=7de2d1e699cfde2f574e6a7f6ea5a173][That pledge]] is utterly worthless. Years ago people trusted Google in the same sort of way, because they promised not be be evil and because a lot of the engineers working for them seemed like honest types who were "/on our side/". Post-[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymwars][nymwars]] and post-[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_%28surveillance_program%29][PRISM]] we know exactly how much Google cared about the privacy and security of its users. But Google is only one particular example. In general don't trust pledges made by companies, even if the people running them seem really sincere.
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 [[https://cryptostorm.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=2954&sid=7de2d1e699cfde2f574e6a7f6ea5a173][That pledge]] is utterly worthless. Years ago people trusted Google in the same sort of way, because they promised not be be evil and because a lot of the engineers working for them seemed like honest types who were "/on our side/". Post-[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymwars][nymwars]] and post-[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_%28surveillance_program%29][PRISM]] we know exactly how much Google cared about the privacy and security of its users. But Google is only one particular example. In general don't trust pledges made by companies, even if the people running them seem really sincere.
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 * Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?
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 * Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?

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-Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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 The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
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 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
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 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org152c01e">What applications are supported?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4b81665">What applications are supported?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orge58a476">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org2bc613d">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org887f08c">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgbf5770e">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgd9d3a07">Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org863a0e1">Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgaf62a96">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org45768d6">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org8cb7986">Why use Github?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org627e8cb">Why use Github?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org56e5307">Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgee8c834">Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb1eccdb">Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgd255016">Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org49afd25">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org265fd3a">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org1fb0185">Can I add more users to the system?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org0340263">Can I add more users to the system?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org977239a">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org3864faa">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgf19cdf2">What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org747810a">What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org1dabdc8">How do I remove a user from the system?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org1f21c64">How do I remove a user from the system?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orga9398fd">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgdc7565d">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org656ec9d">How do I reset the tripwire?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org6690f18">How do I reset the tripwire?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org34e8825">Is metadata protected?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5910085">Is metadata protected?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org6a93669">How do I create email processing rules?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org281cbc7">How do I create email processing rules?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgcfb72a5">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgceb4e2a">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgbe6bcbf">How do I change my encryption settings?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org461598b">How do I change my encryption settings?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb2c6dc5">How do I get a domain name?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org725bf9e">How do I get a domain name?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5e04c0e">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb611e68">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgc2a5392">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org9ebb9ee">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org93cd052">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org796ff88">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org778edeb">Why use self-signed certificates?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org3d4f550">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org70ac6f1">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4df20f5">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orged33b88">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orga4c748f">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org54bef54">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</a></td>
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-</tr>
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-
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-<tr>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4779eb1">I want to block a particular domain from getting its content into my social network sites</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org3b48bfa">I want to block a particular domain from getting its content into my social network sites</a></td>
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-<div id="outline-container-org152c01e" class="outline-2">
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-<h2 id="org152c01e">What applications are supported?</h2>
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-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org152c01e">
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+<div id="outline-container-org4b81665" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org4b81665">What applications are supported?</h2>
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 <p>
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 <p>
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 <a href="./apps.html">See here</a> for the complete list of apps. In addition to those as part of the base install you get an email server.
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 <a href="./apps.html">See here</a> for the complete list of apps. In addition to those as part of the base install you get an email server.
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-<div id="outline-container-orge58a476" class="outline-2">
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-<h2 id="orge58a476">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</h2>
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-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orge58a476">
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+<div id="outline-container-org2bc613d" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org2bc613d">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</h2>
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 <p>
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 Yes. The minimum requirements are to have some hardware that you can install Debian onto and also that you have administrator access to your internet router so that you can forward ports to the system which has Freedombone installed.
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 Yes. The minimum requirements are to have some hardware that you can install Debian onto and also that you have administrator access to your internet router so that you can forward ports to the system which has Freedombone installed.
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-<h2 id="org887f08c">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</h2>
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-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org887f08c">
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+<h2 id="orgbf5770e">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</h2>
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 <p>
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 <p>
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 When the project began in late 2013 the FreedomBox project seemed to be going nowhere, and was only designed to work with the DreamPlug hardware. There was some new hardware out - the Beaglebone Black - which could run Debian and was also a free hardware design so seemed more appropriate. Hence the name "Freedombone", being like FreedomBox but on a Beaglebone. There are some similarities and differences between the two projects:
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 When the project began in late 2013 the FreedomBox project seemed to be going nowhere, and was only designed to work with the DreamPlug hardware. There was some new hardware out - the Beaglebone Black - which could run Debian and was also a free hardware design so seemed more appropriate. Hence the name "Freedombone", being like FreedomBox but on a Beaglebone. There are some similarities and differences between the two projects:
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-<h3 id="org3b6bb22">Similarities</h3>
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+<div id="outline-container-org83acd37" class="outline-3">
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+<h3 id="org83acd37">Similarities</h3>
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 <ul class="org-ul">
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 <li>Uses freedom-maker and vmdebootstrap to build debian images</li>
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 <li>Uses freedom-maker and vmdebootstrap to build debian images</li>
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 <li>Supports the use of Tor onion addresses to access websites</li>
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 <li>Supports the use of Tor onion addresses to access websites</li>
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-<h3 id="org76cd986">Differences</h3>
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+<div id="outline-container-org0cf9248" class="outline-3">
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+<h3 id="org0cf9248">Differences</h3>
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+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org0cf9248">
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 <ul class="org-ul">
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 <ul class="org-ul">
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 <li>FreedomBox is a Debian pure blend. Freedombone is not</li>
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 <li>FreedomBox is a Debian pure blend. Freedombone is not</li>
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 <li>Freedombone only supports Free Software. FreedomBox includes some closed binary boot blobs for certain ARM boards</li>
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 <li>Freedombone only supports Free Software. FreedomBox includes some closed binary boot blobs for certain ARM boards</li>
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-<h2 id="orgd9d3a07">Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?</h2>
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-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgd9d3a07">
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+<div id="outline-container-org863a0e1" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org863a0e1">Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?</h2>
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 <p>
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 <p>
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 The FreedomBox project supports Raspberry Pi builds, and the image build system for Freedombone is based on the same system. However, although the Raspberry Pi can run a version of Debian it requires a closed proprietary blob in order to boot the hardware. Who knows what that blob might contain or what exploits it could facilitate. From an adversarial point of view if you were trying to deliver "bulk equipment interference" then it doesn't get any better than piggybacking on something which has control of the boot process, and hence all subsequently run processes.
 439 
 The FreedomBox project supports Raspberry Pi builds, and the image build system for Freedombone is based on the same system. However, although the Raspberry Pi can run a version of Debian it requires a closed proprietary blob in order to boot the hardware. Who knows what that blob might contain or what exploits it could facilitate. From an adversarial point of view if you were trying to deliver "bulk equipment interference" then it doesn't get any better than piggybacking on something which has control of the boot process, and hence all subsequently run processes.
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-<div id="outline-container-orgaf62a96" class="outline-2">
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-<h2 id="orgaf62a96">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</h2>
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-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgaf62a96">
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+<div id="outline-container-org45768d6" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org45768d6">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</h2>
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+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org45768d6">
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 <p>
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 <p>
454 
 Before you run screaming for the hills based upon whatever scare story you may have just read in the mainstream media there are a few things worthy of consideration. Tor is installed by default on Freedombone, <i>but not as a relay or exit node</i>. It's only used to provide onion addresses so that this gives you or the viewers of your sites some choice about how they access the information. It also allows you to subscribe to and read RSS feeds privately.
 451 
 Before you run screaming for the hills based upon whatever scare story you may have just read in the mainstream media there are a few things worthy of consideration. Tor is installed by default on Freedombone, <i>but not as a relay or exit node</i>. It's only used to provide onion addresses so that this gives you or the viewers of your sites some choice about how they access the information. It also allows you to subscribe to and read RSS feeds privately.
455 
 </p>
 452 
 </p>
467 
 </p>
 464 
 </p>
468 
 </div>
 465 
 </div>
469 
 </div>
 466 
 </div>
470 
-<div id="outline-container-org8cb7986" class="outline-2">
471 
-<h2 id="org8cb7986">Why use Github?</h2>
472 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org8cb7986">
467 
+<div id="outline-container-org627e8cb" class="outline-2">
468 
+<h2 id="org627e8cb">Why use Github?</h2>
469 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org627e8cb">
473 
 <p>
 470 
 <p>
474 
 Github is paradoxically a centralized, closed and proprietary system which happens to mostly host free and open source projects. Up until now it has been relatively benign, but at some point in the name of "growth" it will likely start becoming more evil, or just become like SourceForge - which was also once much loved by FOSS developers, but turned into a den of malvertizing.
 471 
 Github is paradoxically a centralized, closed and proprietary system which happens to mostly host free and open source projects. Up until now it has been relatively benign, but at some point in the name of "growth" it will likely start becoming more evil, or just become like SourceForge - which was also once much loved by FOSS developers, but turned into a den of malvertizing.
475 
 </p>
 472 
 </p>
487 
 </p>
 484 
 </p>
488 
 </div>
 485 
 </div>
489 
 </div>
 486 
 </div>
490 
-<div id="outline-container-org56e5307" class="outline-2">
491 
-<h2 id="org56e5307">Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?</h2>
492 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org56e5307">
487 
+<div id="outline-container-orgee8c834" class="outline-2">
488 
+<h2 id="orgee8c834">Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?</h2>
489 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgee8c834">
493 
 <p>
 490 
 <p>
494 
 Ordinarily this is good advice. However, the threat model for a device in your home is different from the one for a generic server in a massive warehouse. Compare and contrast:
 491 
 Ordinarily this is good advice. However, the threat model for a device in your home is different from the one for a generic server in a massive warehouse. Compare and contrast:
495 
 </p>
 492 
 </p>
547 
 </div>
 544 
 </div>
548 
 </div>
 545 
 </div>
549
546
550 
-<div id="outline-container-orgb1eccdb" class="outline-2">
551 
-<h2 id="orgb1eccdb">Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?</h2>
552 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgb1eccdb">
547 
+<div id="outline-container-orgd255016" class="outline-2">
548 
+<h2 id="orgd255016">Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?</h2>
549 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgd255016">
553 
 <p>
 550 
 <p>
554 
 Probably you need to add the site to the NoScript whitelist. Typically click/press on the noscript icon (or select from the menu on mobile) then select <i>whitelist</i> and add the site URL. You may also need to disable HTTPS Everywhere when using onion addresses, which don't use https.
 551 
 Probably you need to add the site to the NoScript whitelist. Typically click/press on the noscript icon (or select from the menu on mobile) then select <i>whitelist</i> and add the site URL. You may also need to disable HTTPS Everywhere when using onion addresses, which don't use https.
555 
 </p>
 552 
 </p>
559 
 </p>
 556 
 </p>
560 
 </div>
 557 
 </div>
561 
 </div>
 558 
 </div>
562 
-<div id="outline-container-org49afd25" class="outline-2">
563 
-<h2 id="org49afd25">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</h2>
564 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org49afd25">
559 
+<div id="outline-container-org265fd3a" class="outline-2">
560 
+<h2 id="org265fd3a">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</h2>
561 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org265fd3a">
565 
 <p>
 562 
 <p>
566 
 It was originally designed to run on the Beaglebone Black, but that should be regarded as the most minimal system, because it's single core and has by today's standards a small amount of memory. Obviously the more powerful the hardware is the faster things like web pages (blog, social networking, etc) will be served but the more electricity such a system will require if you're running it 24/7. A good compromise between performance and energy consumption is something like an old netbook. The battery of an old netbook or laptop even gives you <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply">UPS capability</a> to keep the system going during brief power outages or cable re-arrangements, and that means using full disk encryption on the server also becomes more practical.
 563 
 It was originally designed to run on the Beaglebone Black, but that should be regarded as the most minimal system, because it's single core and has by today's standards a small amount of memory. Obviously the more powerful the hardware is the faster things like web pages (blog, social networking, etc) will be served but the more electricity such a system will require if you're running it 24/7. A good compromise between performance and energy consumption is something like an old netbook. The battery of an old netbook or laptop even gives you <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply">UPS capability</a> to keep the system going during brief power outages or cable re-arrangements, and that means using full disk encryption on the server also becomes more practical.
567 
 </p>
 564 
 </p>
571 
 </p>
 568 
 </p>
572 
 </div>
 569 
 </div>
573 
 </div>
 570 
 </div>
574 
-<div id="outline-container-org1fb0185" class="outline-2">
575 
-<h2 id="org1fb0185">Can I add more users to the system?</h2>
576 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org1fb0185">
571 
+<div id="outline-container-org0340263" class="outline-2">
572 
+<h2 id="org0340263">Can I add more users to the system?</h2>
573 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org0340263">
577 
 <p>
 574 
 <p>
578 
 Yes. Freedombone can support a small number of users, for a "<i>friends and family</i>" type of home installation. This gives them access to an email account, XMPP, SIP phone and the blog (depending on whether the variant which you installed includes those).
 575 
 Yes. Freedombone can support a small number of users, for a "<i>friends and family</i>" type of home installation. This gives them access to an email account, XMPP, SIP phone and the blog (depending on whether the variant which you installed includes those).
579 
 </p>
 576 
 </p>
580
577
581 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 578 
 <div class="org-src-container">
582 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
583 
-</pre>
579 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
580 
+</code></pre>
584 
 </div>
 581 
 </div>
585
582
586 
 <p>
 583 
 <p>
596 
 </p>
 593 
 </p>
597 
 </div>
 594 
 </div>
598 
 </div>
 595 
 </div>
599 
-<div id="outline-container-org977239a" class="outline-2">
600 
-<h2 id="org977239a">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</h2>
601 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org977239a">
596 
+<div id="outline-container-org3864faa" class="outline-2">
597 
+<h2 id="org3864faa">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</h2>
598 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org3864faa">
602 
 <p>
 599 
 <p>
603 
 Celebrities recommend Signal. It's Free Software so it must be good, right?
 600 
 Celebrities recommend Signal. It's Free Software so it must be good, right?
604 
 </p>
 601 
 </p>
621 
 </p>
 618 
 </p>
622 
 </div>
 619 
 </div>
623 
 </div>
 620 
 </div>
624 
-<div id="outline-container-orgf19cdf2" class="outline-2">
625 
-<h2 id="orgf19cdf2">What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?</h2>
626 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgf19cdf2">
621 
+<div id="outline-container-org747810a" class="outline-2">
622 
+<h2 id="org747810a">What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?</h2>
623 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org747810a">
627 
 <p>
 624 
 <p>
628 
 On mobile there are various options. The apps which are likely to be most secure are ones which have end-to-end encryption enabled by default and which can also be onion routed via Orbot. End-to-end encryption secures the content of the message and onion routing obscures the metadata, making it hard for a passive adversary to know who is communicating with who.
 625 
 On mobile there are various options. The apps which are likely to be most secure are ones which have end-to-end encryption enabled by default and which can also be onion routed via Orbot. End-to-end encryption secures the content of the message and onion routing obscures the metadata, making it hard for a passive adversary to know who is communicating with who.
629 
 </p>
 626 
 </p>
633 
 </p>
 630 
 </p>
634
631
635 
 <p>
 632 
 <p>
636 
-There are many <a href="#org977239a">other fashionable chat apps</a> with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified.
633 
+There are many <a href="#org3864faa">other fashionable chat apps</a> with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified.
637 
 </p>
 634 
 </p>
638 
 </div>
 635 
 </div>
639 
 </div>
 636 
 </div>
640 
-<div id="outline-container-org1dabdc8" class="outline-2">
641 
-<h2 id="org1dabdc8">How do I remove a user from the system?</h2>
642 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org1dabdc8">
637 
+<div id="outline-container-org1f21c64" class="outline-2">
638 
+<h2 id="org1f21c64">How do I remove a user from the system?</h2>
639 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org1f21c64">
643 
 <p>
 640 
 <p>
644 
 To remove a user:
 641 
 To remove a user:
645 
 </p>
 642 
 </p>
646
643
647 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 644 
 <div class="org-src-container">
648 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
649 
-</pre>
645 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
646 
+</code></pre>
650 
 </div>
 647 
 </div>
651
648
652 
 <p>
 649 
 <p>
654 
 </p>
 651 
 </p>
655 
 </div>
 652 
 </div>
656 
 </div>
 653 
 </div>
657 
-<div id="outline-container-orga9398fd" class="outline-2">
658 
-<h2 id="orga9398fd">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</h2>
659 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orga9398fd">
654 
+<div id="outline-container-orgdc7565d" class="outline-2">
655 
+<h2 id="orgdc7565d">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</h2>
656 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgdc7565d">
660 
 <p>
 657 
 <p>
661 
 If you're making profits out of the logs by running large server warehouses and then data mining what users click on - as is the business model of well known internet companies - then logging everything makes total sense. However, if you're running a home server then logging really only makes sense if you're trying to diagnose some specific problem with the system, and outside of that context logging everything becomes more of a liability than an asset.
 658 
 If you're making profits out of the logs by running large server warehouses and then data mining what users click on - as is the business model of well known internet companies - then logging everything makes total sense. However, if you're running a home server then logging really only makes sense if you're trying to diagnose some specific problem with the system, and outside of that context logging everything becomes more of a liability than an asset.
662 
 </p>
 659 
 </p>
670 
 </p>
 667 
 </p>
671 
 </div>
 668 
 </div>
672 
 </div>
 669 
 </div>
673 
-<div id="outline-container-org656ec9d" class="outline-2">
674 
-<h2 id="org656ec9d">How do I reset the tripwire?</h2>
675 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org656ec9d">
670 
+<div id="outline-container-org6690f18" class="outline-2">
671 
+<h2 id="org6690f18">How do I reset the tripwire?</h2>
672 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org6690f18">
676 
 <p>
 673 
 <p>
677 
 The tripwire will be automatically reset once per week. If you want to reset it earlier then do the following:
 674 
 The tripwire will be automatically reset once per week. If you want to reset it earlier then do the following:
678 
 </p>
 675 
 </p>
679
676
680 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 677 
 <div class="org-src-container">
681 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomain -p 2222
682 
-</pre>
678 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomain -p 2222
679 
+</code></pre>
683 
 </div>
 680 
 </div>
684
681
685 
 <p>
 682 
 <p>
687 
 </p>
 684 
 </p>
688 
 </div>
 685 
 </div>
689 
 </div>
 686 
 </div>
690 
-<div id="outline-container-org34e8825" class="outline-2">
691 
-<h2 id="org34e8825">Is metadata protected?</h2>
692 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org34e8825">
687 
+<div id="outline-container-org5910085" class="outline-2">
688 
+<h2 id="org5910085">Is metadata protected?</h2>
689 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org5910085">
693 
 <blockquote>
 690 
 <blockquote>
694 
 <p>
 691 
 <p>
695 
 "<i>We kill people based on metadata</i>"
 692 
 "<i>We kill people based on metadata</i>"
705 
 </p>
 702 
 </p>
706 
 </div>
 703 
 </div>
707 
 </div>
 704 
 </div>
708 
-<div id="outline-container-org6a93669" class="outline-2">
709 
-<h2 id="org6a93669">How do I create email processing rules?</h2>
710 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org6a93669">
705 
+<div id="outline-container-org281cbc7" class="outline-2">
706 
+<h2 id="org281cbc7">How do I create email processing rules?</h2>
707 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org281cbc7">
711 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 708 
 <div class="org-src-container">
712 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@domainname -p 2222
713 
-</pre>
709 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@domainname -p 2222
710 
+</code></pre>
714 
 </div>
 711 
 </div>
715
712
716 
 <p>
 713 
 <p>
763 
 </p>
 760 
 </p>
764 
 </div>
 761 
 </div>
765 
 </div>
 762 
 </div>
766 
-<div id="outline-container-orgcfb72a5" class="outline-2">
767 
-<h2 id="orgcfb72a5">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</h2>
768 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgcfb72a5">
763 
+<div id="outline-container-orgceb4e2a" class="outline-2">
764 
+<h2 id="orgceb4e2a">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</h2>
765 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgceb4e2a">
769 
 <p>
 766 
 <p>
770 
 If you run the command:
 767 
 If you run the command:
771 
 </p>
 768 
 </p>
772
769
773 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 770 
 <div class="org-src-container">
774 
-<pre class="src src-bash">systemctl status inadyn
775 
-</pre>
771 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">systemctl status inadyn
772 
+</code></pre>
776 
 </div>
 773 
 </div>
777
774
778 
 <p>
 775 
 <p>
780 
 </p>
 777 
 </p>
781
778
782 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 779 
 <div class="org-src-container">
783 
-<pre class="src src-text">https://check.torproject.org/
780 
+<pre><code class="src src-text">https://check.torproject.org/
784 
 https://www.whatsmydns.net/whats-my-ip-address.html
 781 
 https://www.whatsmydns.net/whats-my-ip-address.html
785 
 https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/whats-my-ip/
 782 
 https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/whats-my-ip/
786 
-</pre>
783 
+</code></pre>
787 
 </div>
 784 
 </div>
788 
 </div>
 785 
 </div>
789 
 </div>
 786 
 </div>
790
787
791 
-<div id="outline-container-orgbe6bcbf" class="outline-2">
792 
-<h2 id="orgbe6bcbf">How do I change my encryption settings?</h2>
793 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgbe6bcbf">
788 
+<div id="outline-container-org461598b" class="outline-2">
789 
+<h2 id="org461598b">How do I change my encryption settings?</h2>
790 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org461598b">
794 
 <p>
 791 
 <p>
795 
 Suppose that some new encryption vulnerability has been announced and that you need to change your encryption settings. Maybe an algorithm thought to be secure is now no longer so and you need to remove it. You can change your settings by doing the following:
 792 
 Suppose that some new encryption vulnerability has been announced and that you need to change your encryption settings. Maybe an algorithm thought to be secure is now no longer so and you need to remove it. You can change your settings by doing the following:
796 
 </p>
 793 
 </p>
797
794
798 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 795 
 <div class="org-src-container">
799 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh myusername@mydomain -p 2222
800 
-</pre>
796 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh myusername@mydomain -p 2222
797 
+</code></pre>
801 
 </div>
 798 
 </div>
802
799
803 
 <p>
 800 
 <p>
805 
 </p>
 802 
 </p>
806 
 </div>
 803 
 </div>
807 
 </div>
 804 
 </div>
808 
-<div id="outline-container-orgb2c6dc5" class="outline-2">
809 
-<h2 id="orgb2c6dc5">How do I get a domain name?</h2>
810 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgb2c6dc5">
805 
+<div id="outline-container-org725bf9e" class="outline-2">
806 
+<h2 id="org725bf9e">How do I get a domain name?</h2>
807 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org725bf9e">
811 
 <p>
 808 
 <p>
812 
 Suppose that you have bought a domain name (rather than using a free subdomain on freedns) and you want to use that instead.
 809 
 Suppose that you have bought a domain name (rather than using a free subdomain on freedns) and you want to use that instead.
813 
 </p>
 810 
 </p>
817 
 </p>
 814 
 </p>
818
815
819 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 816 
 <div class="org-src-container">
820 
-<pre class="src src-text">NS1.AFRAID.ORG
817 
+<pre><code class="src src-text">NS1.AFRAID.ORG
821 
 NS2.AFRAID.ORG
 818 
 NS2.AFRAID.ORG
822 
 NS3.AFRAID.ORG
 819 
 NS3.AFRAID.ORG
823 
 NS4.AFRAID.ORG
 820 
 NS4.AFRAID.ORG
824 
-</pre>
821 
+</code></pre>
825 
 </div>
 822 
 </div>
826
823
827 
 <p>
 824 
 <p>
837 
 </p>
 834 
 </p>
838
835
839 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 836 
 <div class="org-src-container">
840 
-<pre class="src src-bash">editor /etc/mailname
841 
-</pre>
837 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">editor /etc/mailname
838 
+</code></pre>
842 
 </div>
 839 
 </div>
843
840
844 
 <p>
 841 
 <p>
846 
 </p>
 843 
 </p>
847
844
848 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 845 
 <div class="org-src-container">
849 
-<pre class="src src-bash">editor /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf
850 
-</pre>
846 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">editor /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf
847 
+</code></pre>
851 
 </div>
 848 
 </div>
852
849
853 
 <p>
 850 
 <p>
859 
 </p>
 856 
 </p>
860
857
861 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 858 
 <div class="org-src-container">
862 
-<pre class="src src-bash">update-exim4.conf.template -r
859 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">update-exim4.conf.template -r
863 
 update-exim4.conf
 860 
 update-exim4.conf
864 
 service exim4 restart
 861 
 service exim4 restart
865 
-</pre>
862 
+</code></pre>
866 
 </div>
 863 
 </div>
867
864
868 
 <p>
 865 
 <p>
871 
 </div>
 868 
 </div>
872 
 </div>
 869 
 </div>
873
870
874 
-<div id="outline-container-org5e04c0e" class="outline-2">
875 
-<h2 id="org5e04c0e">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</h2>
876 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org5e04c0e">
871 
+<div id="outline-container-orgb611e68" class="outline-2">
872 
+<h2 id="orgb611e68">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</h2>
873 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgb611e68">
877 
 <p>
 874 
 <p>
878 
 If you did the full install or selected the social variant then the system will have tried to obtain a Let's Encrypt certificate automatically during the install process. If this failed for any reason, or if you have created a new site which you need a certificate for then do the following:
 875 
 If you did the full install or selected the social variant then the system will have tried to obtain a Let's Encrypt certificate automatically during the install process. If this failed for any reason, or if you have created a new site which you need a certificate for then do the following:
879 
 </p>
 876 
 </p>
880
877
881 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 878 
 <div class="org-src-container">
882 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
883 
-</pre>
879 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
880 
+</code></pre>
884 
 </div>
 881 
 </div>
885
882
886 
 <p>
 883 
 <p>
892 
 </p>
 889 
 </p>
893 
 </div>
 890 
 </div>
894 
 </div>
 891 
 </div>
895 
-<div id="outline-container-orgc2a5392" class="outline-2">
896 
-<h2 id="orgc2a5392">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</h2>
897 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgc2a5392">
892 
+<div id="outline-container-org9ebb9ee" class="outline-2">
893 
+<h2 id="org9ebb9ee">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</h2>
894 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org9ebb9ee">
898 
 <p>
 895 
 <p>
899 
 Normally certificates will be automatically renewed once per month, so you don't need to be concerned about it. If anything goes wrong with the automatic renewal then you should receive a warning email.
 896 
 Normally certificates will be automatically renewed once per month, so you don't need to be concerned about it. If anything goes wrong with the automatic renewal then you should receive a warning email.
900 
 </p>
 897 
 </p>
904 
 </p>
 901 
 </p>
905
902
906 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 903 
 <div class="org-src-container">
907 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
908 
-</pre>
904 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
905 
+</code></pre>
909 
 </div>
 906 
 </div>
910
907
911 
 <p>
 908 
 <p>
913 
 </p>
 910 
 </p>
914 
 </div>
 911 
 </div>
915 
 </div>
 912 
 </div>
916 
-<div id="outline-container-org93cd052" class="outline-2">
917 
-<h2 id="org93cd052">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</h2>
918 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org93cd052">
913 
+<div id="outline-container-org796ff88" class="outline-2">
914 
+<h2 id="org796ff88">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</h2>
915 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org796ff88">
919 
 <p>
 916 
 <p>
920 
 Most likely it's because Let's Encrypt doesn't support your particular domain or subdomain. Currently free subdomains tend not to work. You'll need to buy a domain name, link it to your dynamic DNS account and then do:
 917 
 Most likely it's because Let's Encrypt doesn't support your particular domain or subdomain. Currently free subdomains tend not to work. You'll need to buy a domain name, link it to your dynamic DNS account and then do:
921 
 </p>
 918 
 </p>
922
919
923 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 920 
 <div class="org-src-container">
924 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
925 
-</pre>
921 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
922 
+</code></pre>
926 
 </div>
 923 
 </div>
927
924
928 
 <p>
 925 
 <p>
930 
 </p>
 927 
 </p>
931 
 </div>
 928 
 </div>
932 
 </div>
 929 
 </div>
933 
-<div id="outline-container-org778edeb" class="outline-2">
934 
-<h2 id="org778edeb">Why use self-signed certificates?</h2>
935 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org778edeb">
936 
-<p>
937 
-Almost everywhere on the web you will read that self-signed certificates are worthless. They bring up <i>scary-scary looking</i> browser warnings and gurus will advise you not to use them. Self-signed certificates are quite useful though. What the scary warnings mean - and it would be good if they explained this more clearly - is that you have an encrypted connection established but there is <i>no certainty about who that connection is with</i>. They probably will protect the content of your communications from passive bulk interception - such as the tapping of under-sea cables.
938 
-</p>
939 
-
940 
-<p>
941 
-The current strategy on this system is to typically create self-signed certificates during the initial installation but also to have the ability to easily convert those to LetsEncrypt certificates via the security settings on the administrator control panel.
942 
-</p>
943 
-
944 
-<p>
945 
-You might say, <i>"but surely LetsEncrypt is a single point of failure!"</i>, and you'd be right. Maybe at some point in future LetsEncrypt is no longer a thing, or no longer considered sufficiently secure. That's why building in total dependence upon one organisation is a bad idea, and it's still possible to have self-signed certs as a fallback option.
946 
-</p>
947 
-</div>
948 
-</div>
949 
-
950 
-<div id="outline-container-org70ac6f1" class="outline-2">
951 
-<h2 id="org70ac6f1">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</h2>
952 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org70ac6f1">
930 
+<div id="outline-container-org3d4f550" class="outline-2">
931 
+<h2 id="org3d4f550">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</h2>
932 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org3d4f550">
953 
 <p>
 933 
 <p>
954 
 <a href="https://cryptostorm.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&amp;t=2954&amp;sid=7de2d1e699cfde2f574e6a7f6ea5a173">That pledge</a> is utterly worthless. Years ago people trusted Google in the same sort of way, because they promised not be be evil and because a lot of the engineers working for them seemed like honest types who were "<i>on our side</i>". Post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymwars">nymwars</a> and post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)">PRISM</a> we know exactly how much Google cared about the privacy and security of its users. But Google is only one particular example. In general don't trust pledges made by companies, even if the people running them seem really sincere.
 934 
 <a href="https://cryptostorm.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&amp;t=2954&amp;sid=7de2d1e699cfde2f574e6a7f6ea5a173">That pledge</a> is utterly worthless. Years ago people trusted Google in the same sort of way, because they promised not be be evil and because a lot of the engineers working for them seemed like honest types who were "<i>on our side</i>". Post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymwars">nymwars</a> and post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)">PRISM</a> we know exactly how much Google cared about the privacy and security of its users. But Google is only one particular example. In general don't trust pledges made by companies, even if the people running them seem really sincere.
955 
 </p>
 935 
 </p>
956 
 </div>
 936 
 </div>
957 
 </div>
 937 
 </div>
958 
-<div id="outline-container-orged33b88" class="outline-2">
959 
-<h2 id="orged33b88">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</h2>
960 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orged33b88">
938 
+<div id="outline-container-org4df20f5" class="outline-2">
939 
+<h2 id="org4df20f5">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</h2>
940 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org4df20f5">
961 
 <p>
 941 
 <p>
962 
 Welcome to the world of email. Email is really the archetypal decentralized service, developed during the early days of the internet. In principle anyone can run an email server, and that's exactly what you're doing with Freedombone. Email is very useful, but it has a big problem, and that's that the protocols are totally insecure. That made it easy for spammers to do their thing, and in response highly elaborate spam filtering and blocking systems were developed. Chances are that your emails are being blocked in this way. Sometimes the blocking is so indisciminate that entire countries are excluded. What can you do about it? Unless you control the block list at the receiving end you may not be able to do much unless you can find an email proxy server which is trusted by the receiving server.
 942 
 Welcome to the world of email. Email is really the archetypal decentralized service, developed during the early days of the internet. In principle anyone can run an email server, and that's exactly what you're doing with Freedombone. Email is very useful, but it has a big problem, and that's that the protocols are totally insecure. That made it easy for spammers to do their thing, and in response highly elaborate spam filtering and blocking systems were developed. Chances are that your emails are being blocked in this way. Sometimes the blocking is so indisciminate that entire countries are excluded. What can you do about it? Unless you control the block list at the receiving end you may not be able to do much unless you can find an email proxy server which is trusted by the receiving server.
963 
 </p>
 943 
 </p>
967 
 </p>
 947 
 </p>
968
948
969 
 <div class="org-src-container">
 949 
 <div class="org-src-container">
970 
-<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
971 
-</pre>
950 
+<pre><code class="src src-bash">ssh username@mydomainname -p 2222
951 
+</code></pre>
972 
 </div>
 952 
 </div>
973
953
974 
 <p>
 954 
 <p>
988 
 </p>
 968 
 </p>
989 
 </div>
 969 
 </div>
990 
 </div>
 970 
 </div>
991 
-<div id="outline-container-org54bef54" class="outline-2">
992 
-<h2 id="org54bef54">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</h2>
993 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org54bef54">
971 
+<div id="outline-container-orga4c748f" class="outline-2">
972 
+<h2 id="orga4c748f">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</h2>
973 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orga4c748f">
994 
 <p>
 974 
 <p>
995 
 If you can find some details for an obfs4 Tor bridge (its IP address, port number and key or nickname) then you can set up the system to use it to connect to the Tor network. Unlike relay nodes the IP addresses for bridges are not public information and so can't be easily known and added to block lists by authoritarian regimes or over-zealous ISPs.
 975 
 If you can find some details for an obfs4 Tor bridge (its IP address, port number and key or nickname) then you can set up the system to use it to connect to the Tor network. Unlike relay nodes the IP addresses for bridges are not public information and so can't be easily known and added to block lists by authoritarian regimes or over-zealous ISPs.
996 
 </p>
 976 
 </p>
1021 
 </div>
 1001 
 </div>
1022 
 </div>
 1002 
 </div>
1023
1003
1024 
-<div id="outline-container-org4779eb1" class="outline-2">
1025 
-<h2 id="org4779eb1">I want to block a particular domain from getting its content into my social network sites</h2>
1026 
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org4779eb1">
1004 
+<div id="outline-container-org3b48bfa" class="outline-2">
1005 
+<h2 id="org3b48bfa">I want to block a particular domain from getting its content into my social network sites</h2>
1006 
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org3b48bfa">
1027 
 <p>
 1007 
 <p>
1028 
 If you're being pestered by some domain which contains bad/illegal/harrassing content or irritating users you can block domains at the firewall level. Go to the administrator control panel and select <i>domain blocking</i>. You can then block, unblock and view the list of blocked domains.
 1008 
 If you're being pestered by some domain which contains bad/illegal/harrassing content or irritating users you can block domains at the firewall level. Go to the administrator control panel and select <i>domain blocking</i>. You can then block, unblock and view the list of blocked domains.
1029 
 </p>
 1009 
 </p>