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-<!-- 2016-12-22 Thu 14:34 -->
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org3a29429">What applications are supported?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org3212d0a">What applications are supported?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org67ecd6d">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orge30f669">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4755c50">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4d256b9">Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org3ac4501">Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgde438bf">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb3c8e69">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org2d3a546">Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgc35e91f">Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4aee8ef">Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org895adcd">Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org27100bc">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org7a1f57f">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org570a459">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5a6ba30">How do I remove a user from the system?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org9392110">How do I remove a user from the system?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org928c1ce">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orge5ad98d">How do I reset the tripwire?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org08d71c4">Is metadata protected?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb1aa486">How do I create email processing rules?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgcedba6a">How do I create email processing rules?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org9b198a0">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org941b58b">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgf8bdd06">How do I change my encryption settings?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org6e9cdaf">How do I change my encryption settings?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org9b3fd9d">How do I get a domain name?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org1f97f5e">How do I get a domain name?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgd2e9b99">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org449c96a">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgcbdc6fe">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org7601716">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org77d9daa">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org9001f30">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb58e7a0">Why use self-signed certificates?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgc2994ae">Why use self-signed certificates?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4e8813a">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5e45ebc">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org13b758c">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org58edcf0">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org8f0afea">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</a></td>
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-<h2 id="org3a29429">What applications are supported?</h2>
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+<h2 id="org3212d0a">What applications are supported?</h2>
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<p>
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<a href="./apps.html">See here</a> for the complete list of apps. In addition to those as part of the base install you get an email server.
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+<h2 id="org19e9401">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</h2>
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Yes. The minimum requirements are to have some hardware that you can install Debian onto and also that you have administrator access to your internet router so that you can forward ports to the system which has Freedombone installed.
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-<h2 id="orge30f669">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</h2>
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+<h2 id="org4755c50">Why Freedombone and not FreedomBox?</h2>
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When the project began in late 2013 the FreedomBox project seemed to be going nowhere, and was only designed to work with the DreamPlug hardware. There was some new hardware out - the Beaglebone Black - which could run Debian and was also a free hardware design so seemed more appropriate. Hence the name "Freedombone", being like FreedomBox but on a Beaglebone. There are some similarities and differences between the two projects:
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<li>Uses freedom-maker and vmdebootstrap to build debian images</li>
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<li>Supports the use of Tor onion addresses to access websites</li>
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<li>FreedomBox is a Debian pure blend. Freedombone is not</li>
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<li>Freedombone only supports Free Software. FreedomBox includes some closed binary boot blobs for certain ARM boards</li>
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+<h2 id="org3ac4501">Why not support building images for Raspberry Pi?</h2>
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The FreedomBox project supports Raspberry Pi builds, and the image build system for Freedombone is based on the same system. However, although the Raspberry Pi can run a version of Debian it requires a closed proprietary blob in order to boot the hardware. Who knows what that blob might contain or what exploits it could facilitate. From an adversarial point of view if you were trying to deliver "bulk equipment interference" then it doesn't get any better than piggybacking on something which has control of the boot process, and hence all subsequently run processes.
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-<h2 id="orgde438bf">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</h2>
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+<h2 id="orgb3c8e69">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</h2>
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Before you run screaming for the hills based upon whatever scare story you may have just read in the mainstream media there are a few things worthy of consideration. Tor is installed by default on Freedombone, <i>but not as a relay or exit node</i>. It's only used to provide onion addresses so that this gives you or the viewers of your sites some choice about how they access the information. It also allows you to subscribe to and read RSS feeds privately.
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Github is paradoxically a centralized, closed and proprietary system which happens to mostly host free and open source projects. Up until now it has been relatively benign, but at some point in the name of "growth" it will likely start becoming more evil, or just become like SourceForge - which was also once much loved by FOSS developers, but turned into a den of malvertizing.
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Ordinarily this is good advice. However, the threat model for a device in your home is different from the one for a generic server in a massive warehouse. Compare and contrast:
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Probably you need to add the site to the NoScript whitelist. Typically click/press on the noscript icon (or select from the menu on mobile) then select <i>whitelist</i> and add the site URL. You may also need to disable HTTPS Everywhere when using onion addresses, which don't use https.
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+<h2 id="org7a1f57f">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</h2>
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It was originally designed to run on the Beaglebone Black, but that should be regarded as the most minimal system, because it's single core and has by today's standards a small amount of memory. Obviously the more powerful the hardware is the faster things like web pages (blog, social networking, etc) will be served but the more electricity such a system will require if you're running it 24/7. A good compromise between performance and energy consumption is something like an old netbook. The battery of an old netbook or laptop even gives you <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply">UPS capability</a> to keep the system going during brief power outages or cable re-arrangements, and that means using full disk encryption on the server also becomes more practical.
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+<h2 id="org6a7dd1a">Can I add more users to the system?</h2>
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Yes. Freedombone can support a small number of users, for a "<i>friends and family</i>" type of home installation. This gives them access to an email account, XMPP, SIP phone and the blog (depending on whether the variant which you installed includes those).
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+<div id="outline-container-orge3cff48" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="orge3cff48">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</h2>
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Celebrities recommend Signal. It's Free Software so it must be good, right?
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</p>
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+<h2 id="org686f19e">What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?</h2>
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|
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On mobile there are various options. The apps which are likely to be most secure are ones which have end-to-end encryption enabled by default and which can also be onion routed via Orbot. End-to-end encryption secures the content of the message and onion routing obscures the metadata, making it hard for a passive adversary to know who is communicating with who.
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</p>
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|
-There are many <a href="#org570a459">other fashionable chat apps</a> with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified.
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+There are many <a href="#orge3cff48">other fashionable chat apps</a> with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified.
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-<h2 id="org5a6ba30">How do I remove a user from the system?</h2>
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+<h2 id="org9392110">How do I remove a user from the system?</h2>
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|
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<p>
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|
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|
To remove a user:
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</p>
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@@ -650,9 +650,9 @@ Select <i>Administrator controls</i> then <i>Manage Users</i> and then <i>Delete
|
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</p>
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|
|
-<h2 id="org928c1ce">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</h2>
|
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|
+<div id="outline-container-org209578b" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org209578b">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</h2>
|
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<p>
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|
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|
If you're making profits out of the logs by running large server warehouses and then data mining what users click on - as is the business model of well known internet companies - then logging everything makes total sense. However, if you're running a home server then logging really only makes sense if you're trying to diagnose some specific problem with the system, and outside of that context logging everything becomes more of a liability than an asset.
|
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</p>
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|
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|
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|
|
-<h2 id="orge5ad98d">How do I reset the tripwire?</h2>
|
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|
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|
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|
+<h2 id="orgf32e07b">How do I reset the tripwire?</h2>
|
|
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|
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|
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<p>
|
|
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|
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|
The tripwire will be automatically reset once per week. If you want to reset it earlier then do the following:
|
|
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|
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|
</p>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
</p>
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|
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</div>
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
-<h2 id="org08d71c4">Is metadata protected?</h2>
|
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|
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|
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|
+<div id="outline-container-org9a066d6" class="outline-2">
|
|
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|
+<h2 id="org9a066d6">Is metadata protected?</h2>
|
|
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|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org9a066d6">
|
|
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|
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|
<blockquote>
|
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|
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|
<p>
|
|
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|
691
|
"<i>We kill people based on metadata</i>"
|
|
|
@@ -701,9 +701,9 @@ Even when using Freedombone metadata analysis by third parties is still possible
|
|
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|
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|
</p>
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|
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|
</div>
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|
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</div>
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|
|
-<div id="outline-container-orgb1aa486" class="outline-2">
|
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|
|
-<h2 id="orgb1aa486">How do I create email processing rules?</h2>
|
|
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|
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|
+<div id="outline-container-orgcedba6a" class="outline-2">
|
|
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|
+<h2 id="orgcedba6a">How do I create email processing rules?</h2>
|
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|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgcedba6a">
|
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|
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|
<div class="org-src-container">
|
|
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|
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|
<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@domainname -p 2222
|
|
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|
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|
</pre>
|
|
|
@@ -759,9 +759,9 @@ Spamassassin is also available and within Mutt you can use the S (shift+s) key t
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</p>
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-<h2 id="org9b198a0">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</h2>
|
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|
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<p>
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|
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|
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If you run the command:
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|
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|
</p>
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|
@@ -784,9 +784,9 @@ https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/whats-my-ip/
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</div>
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-<h2 id="orgf8bdd06">How do I change my encryption settings?</h2>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
<p>
|
|
791
|
791
|
Suppose that some new encryption vulnerability has been announced and that you need to change your encryption settings. Maybe an algorithm thought to be secure is now no longer so and you need to remove it. You can change your settings by doing the following:
|
|
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|
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|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -801,9 +801,9 @@ Select <i>Administrator controls</i> then select <i>Security Settings</i>. You w
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|
</p>
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</div>
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|
-<h2 id="org9b3fd9d">How do I get a domain name?</h2>
|
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|
|
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org9b3fd9d">
|
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|
+<div id="outline-container-org1f97f5e" class="outline-2">
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|
+<h2 id="org1f97f5e">How do I get a domain name?</h2>
|
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|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org1f97f5e">
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|
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|
<p>
|
|
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|
808
|
Suppose that you have bought a domain name (rather than using a free subdomain on freedns) and you want to use that instead.
|
|
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|
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|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -867,9 +867,9 @@ You should now be able to send an email from <i>postmaster@mynewdomainname</i> a
|
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|
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|
</div>
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|
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|
</div>
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|
-<div id="outline-container-orgd2e9b99" class="outline-2">
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|
|
-<h2 id="orgd2e9b99">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</h2>
|
|
872
|
|
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgd2e9b99">
|
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|
+<div id="outline-container-org449c96a" class="outline-2">
|
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|
+<h2 id="org449c96a">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</h2>
|
|
|
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|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org449c96a">
|
|
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|
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|
<p>
|
|
874
|
874
|
If you did the full install or selected the social variant then the system will have tried to obtain a Let's Encrypt certificate automatically during the install process. If this failed for any reason, or if you have created a new site which you need a certificate for then do the following:
|
|
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|
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|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -888,9 +888,9 @@ One thing to be aware of is that Let's Encrypt doesn't support many dynamic DNS
|
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|
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|
</p>
|
|
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|
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|
</div>
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
-<div id="outline-container-orgcbdc6fe" class="outline-2">
|
|
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|
|
-<h2 id="orgcbdc6fe">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</h2>
|
|
893
|
|
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgcbdc6fe">
|
|
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|
+<div id="outline-container-org7601716" class="outline-2">
|
|
|
892
|
+<h2 id="org7601716">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</h2>
|
|
|
893
|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org7601716">
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894
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894
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<p>
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895
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895
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Normally certificates will be automatically renewed once per month, so you don't need to be concerned about it. If anything goes wrong with the automatic renewal then you should receive a warning email.
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896
|
896
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</p>
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@@ -909,9 +909,9 @@ Select <i>Administrator controls</i> then <b>Security settings</b> then <b>Renew
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909
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909
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</p>
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910
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910
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</div>
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911
|
911
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</div>
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912
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|
-<div id="outline-container-org77d9daa" class="outline-2">
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913
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|
-<h2 id="org77d9daa">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</h2>
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914
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-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org77d9daa">
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912
|
+<div id="outline-container-org9001f30" class="outline-2">
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913
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+<h2 id="org9001f30">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</h2>
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914
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+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org9001f30">
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915
|
915
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<p>
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916
|
916
|
Most likely it's because Let's Encrypt doesn't support your particular domain or subdomain. Currently free subdomains tend not to work. You'll need to buy a domain name, link it to your dynamic DNS account and then do:
|
|
917
|
917
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</p>
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@@ -926,9 +926,9 @@ Select <i>Administrator controls</i> then <b>Security settings</b> then <b>Creat
|
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926
|
926
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</p>
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927
|
927
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</div>
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928
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928
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</div>
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929
|
|
-<div id="outline-container-orgb58e7a0" class="outline-2">
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|
930
|
|
-<h2 id="orgb58e7a0">Why use self-signed certificates?</h2>
|
|
931
|
|
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgb58e7a0">
|
|
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929
|
+<div id="outline-container-orgc2994ae" class="outline-2">
|
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930
|
+<h2 id="orgc2994ae">Why use self-signed certificates?</h2>
|
|
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931
|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgc2994ae">
|
|
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|
932
|
<p>
|
|
933
|
933
|
Almost everywhere on the web you will read that self-signed certificates are worthless. They bring up <i>scary-scary looking</i> browser warnings and gurus will advise you not to use them. Self-signed certificates are quite useful though. What the scary warnings mean - and it would be good if they explained this more clearly - is that you have an encrypted connection established but there is <i>no certainty about who that connection is with</i>. They probably will protect the content of your communications from passive bulk interception - such as the tapping of under-sea cables.
|
|
934
|
934
|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -943,17 +943,17 @@ You might say, <i>"but surely LetsEncrypt is a single point of failure!"</i>, an
|
|
943
|
943
|
</div>
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944
|
944
|
</div>
|
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945
|
945
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|
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946
|
|
-<div id="outline-container-org4e8813a" class="outline-2">
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947
|
|
-<h2 id="org4e8813a">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</h2>
|
|
948
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|
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org4e8813a">
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946
|
+<div id="outline-container-org5e45ebc" class="outline-2">
|
|
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947
|
+<h2 id="org5e45ebc">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</h2>
|
|
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948
|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org5e45ebc">
|
|
949
|
949
|
<p>
|
|
950
|
950
|
<a href="https://cryptostorm.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=2954&sid=7de2d1e699cfde2f574e6a7f6ea5a173">That pledge</a> is utterly worthless. Years ago people trusted Google in the same sort of way, because they promised not be be evil and because a lot of the engineers working for them seemed like honest types who were "<i>on our side</i>". Post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymwars">nymwars</a> and post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)">PRISM</a> we know exactly how much Google cared about the privacy and security of its users. But Google is only one particular example. In general don't trust pledges made by companies, even if the people running them seem really sincere.
|
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951
|
951
|
</p>
|
|
952
|
952
|
</div>
|
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|
953
|
</div>
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954
|
|
-<div id="outline-container-org13b758c" class="outline-2">
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|
955
|
|
-<h2 id="org13b758c">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</h2>
|
|
956
|
|
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org13b758c">
|
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954
|
+<div id="outline-container-org785dac9" class="outline-2">
|
|
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955
|
+<h2 id="org785dac9">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</h2>
|
|
|
956
|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org785dac9">
|
|
957
|
957
|
<p>
|
|
958
|
958
|
Welcome to the world of email. Email is really the archetypal decentralized service, developed during the early days of the internet. In principle anyone can run an email server, and that's exactly what you're doing with Freedombone. Email is very useful, but it has a big problem, and that's that the protocols are totally insecure. That made it easy for spammers to do their thing, and in response highly elaborate spam filtering and blocking systems were developed. Chances are that your emails are being blocked in this way. Sometimes the blocking is so indisciminate that entire countries are excluded. What can you do about it? Unless you control the block list at the receiving end you may not be able to do much unless you can find an email proxy server which is trusted by the receiving server.
|
|
959
|
959
|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -982,16 +982,11 @@ The current arrangement with email blocking works well for the big internet comp
|
|
982
|
982
|
<p>
|
|
983
|
983
|
So the situation with email presently is pretty bad, and there's a clear selection pressure against decentralization and towards only a few companies controlling all email services. Longer term the solution is to have more secure protocols which make spamming hard or expensive.
|
|
984
|
984
|
</p>
|
|
985
|
|
-
|
|
986
|
|
-<center>
|
|
987
|
|
-Return to the <a href="index.html">home page</a>
|
|
988
|
|
-</center>
|
|
989
|
985
|
</div>
|
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990
|
986
|
</div>
|
|
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|
|
-
|
|
992
|
|
-<div id="outline-container-org58edcf0" class="outline-2">
|
|
993
|
|
-<h2 id="org58edcf0">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</h2>
|
|
994
|
|
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org58edcf0">
|
|
|
987
|
+<div id="outline-container-org8f0afea" class="outline-2">
|
|
|
988
|
+<h2 id="org8f0afea">Tor is censored/blocked in my area. What can I do?</h2>
|
|
|
989
|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org8f0afea">
|
|
995
|
990
|
<p>
|
|
996
|
991
|
If you can find some details for an obfs4 Tor bridge (its IP address, port number and key or nickname) then you can set up the system to use it to connect to the Tor network. Unlike relay nodes the IP addresses for bridges are not public information and so can't be easily known and added to block lists by authoritarian regimes or over-zealous ISPs.
|
|
997
|
992
|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -1015,6 +1010,10 @@ Any bridges that you add will also show up on the About screen of the administra
|
|
1015
|
1010
|
<p>
|
|
1016
|
1011
|
You can also set your system to act as a Tor bridge, although this is not recommended since in most cases you will have a dynamic external IP address. If you need to help someone get around local censorship temporarily though this could be an option.
|
|
1017
|
1012
|
</p>
|
|
|
1013
|
+
|
|
|
1014
|
+<center>
|
|
|
1015
|
+Return to the <a href="index.html">home page</a>
|
|
|
1016
|
+</center>
|
|
1018
|
1017
|
</div>
|
|
1019
|
1018
|
</div>
|
|
1020
|
1019
|
</div>
|
Bob Mottram
8 years ago