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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgdeff094">What applications are supported?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org9868c62">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org1f37344">How do I reset the tripwire?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgfbb9c13">How do I change my encryption settings?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orge246bc6">How do I change my encryption settings?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orga81c656">How do I get a domain name?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgbda2c57">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org33f8cb5">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgdc345fd">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgceeda8b">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb492b32">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgeb95db6">Why use self-signed certificates?</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org2e6f20f">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</a></td>
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+<td class="org-left"><a href="#org39dbf05">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</a></td>
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-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org747a075">Why does my email keep getting rejected as spam by Gmail/etc?</a></td>
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<a href="./apps.html">See here</a> for the complete list of apps. In addition to those as part of the base install you get an email server.
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+<h2 id="org739e143">I don't have a static IP address. Can I still install this system?</h2>
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Yes. The minimum requirements are to have some hardware that you can install Debian onto and also that you have administrator access to your internet router so that you can forward ports to the system which has Freedombone installed.
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When the project began in late 2013 the FreedomBox project seemed to be going nowhere, and was only designed to work with the DreamPlug hardware. There was some new hardware out - the Beaglebone Black - which could run Debian and was also a free hardware design so seemed more appropriate. Hence the name "Freedombone", being like FreedomBox but on a Beaglebone. There are some similarities and differences between the two projects:
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<li>Uses freedom-maker and vmdebootstrap to build debian images</li>
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<li>Supports the use of Tor onion addresses to access websites</li>
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<li>FreedomBox is a Debian pure blend. Freedombone is not</li>
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<li>Freedombone only supports Free Software. FreedomBox includes some closed binary boot blobs for certain ARM boards</li>
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The FreedomBox project supports Raspberry Pi builds, and the image build system for Freedombone is based on the same system. However, although the Raspberry Pi can run a version of Debian it requires a closed proprietary blob in order to boot the hardware. Who knows what that blob might contain or what exploits it could facilitate. From an adversarial point of view if you were trying to deliver "bulk equipment interference" then it doesn't get any better than piggybacking on something which has control of the boot process, and hence all subsequently run processes.
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+<h2 id="orge29c6dc">Why use Tor? I've heard it's used by bad people</h2>
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Before you run screaming for the hills based upon whatever scare story you may have just read in the mainstream media there are a few things worthy of consideration. Tor is installed by default on Freedombone, <i>but not as a relay or exit node</i>. It's only used to provide onion addresses so that this gives you or the viewers of your sites some choice about how they access the information. It also allows you to subscribe to and read RSS feeds privately.
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+<div id="outline-container-org1178e30" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org1178e30">Why use Github?</h2>
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Github is paradoxically a centralized, closed and proprietary system which happens to mostly host free and open source projects. Up until now it has been relatively benign, but at some point in the name of "growth" it will likely start becoming more evil, or just become like SourceForge - which was also once much loved by FOSS developers, but turned into a den of malvertizing.
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+<h2 id="orgae7cb0a">Keys and emails should not be stored on servers. Why do you do that?</h2>
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Ordinarily this is good advice. However, the threat model for a device in your home is different from the one for a generic server in a massive warehouse. Compare and contrast:
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+<h2 id="org2855982">Why can't I access my .onion site with a Tor browser?</h2>
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Probably you need to add the site to the NoScript whitelist. Typically click/press on the noscript icon (or select from the menu on mobile) then select <i>whitelist</i> and add the site URL. You may also need to disable HTTPS Everywhere when using onion addresses, which don't use https.
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-<h2 id="org25adeae">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</h2>
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+<h2 id="orgea5dc10">What is the best hardware to run this system on?</h2>
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It was originally designed to run on the Beaglebone Black, but that should be regarded as the most minimal system, because it's single core and has by today's standards a small amount of memory. Obviously the more powerful the hardware is the faster things like web pages (blog, social networking, etc) will be served but the more electricity such a system will require if you're running it 24/7. A good compromise between performance and energy consumption is something like an old netbook. The battery of an old netbook or laptop even gives you <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply">UPS capability</a> to keep the system going during brief power outages or cable re-arrangements, and that means using full disk encryption on the server also becomes more practical.
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+<h2 id="org34252c3">Can I add more users to the system?</h2>
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Yes. Freedombone can support a small number of users, for a "<i>friends and family</i>" type of home installation. This gives them access to an email account, XMPP, SIP phone and the blog (depending on whether the variant which you installed includes those).
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-<h2 id="orge5c6924">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-orga0c1c16" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="orga0c1c16">Why not use Signal for mobile chat?</h2>
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+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orga0c1c16">
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Celebrities recommend Signal. It's Free Software so it must be good, right?
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+<li><b>It uses phone numbers</b>. Phone numbers are used for Signal's initial verification, and they can of course be intercepted or faked. Plus it means that Open Whisper Systems keeps a list of phone numbers on its centralised server for its <i>"X has joined Signal"</i> notification. Even if they're hashed, they're still unique identifiers and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table">rainbow tables</a> for the phone number system probably exist. Phone numbers are convenient for some users, but are also a non-trivial security risk. If you're using Signal then consider what it knows about who your contacts are, where that data is located and who else might have access to that.</li>
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<li><b>It's based on a single server</b> run by Open Whisper Systems. That's a single point of failure and ought to be a big red flag (of the sporting rather than the socialist variety) as a possible locus for concentrated nefariousness.</li>
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<li><b>It requires the installation of Google Play</b>. If you already have Google Play installed on a stock Android OS then this doesn't increase your security problems, but for other more secure Android variants it's a massive increase in attack surface.</li>
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<li><b>It depends entirely upon the Google message pushing system</b>. That means that Google <i>at least knows who Signal messages are being sent to and may be able to infer the rest via your (insecure) Android phone contact list or via timing correlation of alternating deliveries</i>. Remember that for an adversary metadata in aggregate is much better than having the content of messages. At any time Google could decide that it doesn't want to support Signal, or in adverse circumstances they could be leaned upon by the usual agencies or government cronies.</li>
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</p>
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+<div id="outline-container-orgf477f4f" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="orgf477f4f">What is the most secure chat app to use on mobile?</h2>
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+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgf477f4f">
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On mobile there are various options. The apps which are likely to be most secure are ones which have end-to-end encryption enabled by default and which can also be onion routed via Orbot. End-to-end encryption secures the content of the message and onion routing obscures the metadata, making it hard for a passive adversary to know who is communicating with who.
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</p>
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|
-There are many <a href="#orge5c6924">other fashionable chat apps</a> with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified.
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+There are many <a href="#orga0c1c16">other fashionable chat apps</a> with end-to-end security, but often they are closed source, have a single central server or can't be onion routed. It's also important to remember that closed source chat apps should be assumed to be untrustworthy, since their security cannot be independently verified.
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-<h2 id="org4275cb5">How do I remove a user from the system?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-orgf907d60" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="orgf907d60">How do I remove a user from the system?</h2>
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|
To remove a user:
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</p>
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@@ -645,9 +646,9 @@ Select <i>Administrator controls</i> then <i>Manage Users</i> and then <i>Delete
|
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</p>
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-<h2 id="org0a15772">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-org38e7ff9" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org38e7ff9">Why is logging for web sites turned off by default?</h2>
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<p>
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|
If you're making profits out of the logs by running large server warehouses and then data mining what users click on - as is the business model of well known internet companies - then logging everything makes total sense. However, if you're running a home server then logging really only makes sense if you're trying to diagnose some specific problem with the system, and outside of that context logging everything becomes more of a liability than an asset.
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-<h2 id="org1f37344">How do I reset the tripwire?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-org5d8bdd8" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org5d8bdd8">How do I reset the tripwire?</h2>
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+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org5d8bdd8">
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<p>
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|
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|
The tripwire will be automatically reset once per week. If you want to reset it earlier then do the following:
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</p>
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-<h2 id="org6f31a05">Is metadata protected?</h2>
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+<h2 id="org0f16231">Is metadata protected?</h2>
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|
<blockquote>
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<p>
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|
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|
"<i>We kill people based on metadata</i>"
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-<h2 id="org344ccfc">How do I create email processing rules?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-org77108f2" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org77108f2">How do I create email processing rules?</h2>
|
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|
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|
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|
<div class="org-src-container">
|
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|
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|
<pre class="src src-bash">ssh username@domainname -p 2222
|
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|
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|
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-<h2 id="org50f2c42">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-org7b70405" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="org7b70405">Why isn't dynamic DNS working?</h2>
|
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<p>
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|
If you run the command:
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|
</p>
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-<h2 id="orgfbb9c13">How do I change my encryption settings?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-orge246bc6" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="orge246bc6">How do I change my encryption settings?</h2>
|
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+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orge246bc6">
|
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|
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|
<p>
|
|
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|
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|
Suppose that some new encryption vulnerability has been announced and that you need to change your encryption settings. Maybe an algorithm thought to be secure is now no longer so and you need to remove it. You can change your settings by doing the following:
|
|
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|
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|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -796,9 +797,9 @@ Select <i>Administrator controls</i> then select <i>Security Settings</i>. You w
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|
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|
|
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-<h2 id="orga81c656">How do I get a domain name?</h2>
|
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+<h2 id="org5fd44f7">How do I get a domain name?</h2>
|
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|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org5fd44f7">
|
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|
<p>
|
|
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|
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|
Suppose that you have bought a domain name (rather than using a free subdomain on freedns) and you want to use that instead.
|
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|
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|
</p>
|
|
|
@@ -862,9 +863,9 @@ You should now be able to send an email from <i>postmaster@mynewdomainname</i> a
|
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|
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|
</div>
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</div>
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|
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-<h2 id="orgbda2c57">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</h2>
|
|
867
|
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|
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+<div id="outline-container-org5c87e4b" class="outline-2">
|
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867
|
+<h2 id="org5c87e4b">How do I get a "real" SSL/TLS/HTTPS certificate?</h2>
|
|
|
868
|
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org5c87e4b">
|
|
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|
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|
<p>
|
|
869
|
870
|
If you did the full install or selected the social variant then the system will have tried to obtain a Let's Encrypt certificate automatically during the install process. If this failed for any reason, or if you have created a new site which you need a certificate for then do the following:
|
|
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|
871
|
</p>
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</p>
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</div>
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-<h2 id="org33f8cb5">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</h2>
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+<div id="outline-container-orgdc345fd" class="outline-2">
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+<h2 id="orgdc345fd">How do I renew a Let's Encrypt certificate?</h2>
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+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgdc345fd">
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<p>
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Normally certificates will be automatically renewed once per month, so you don't need to be concerned about it. If anything goes wrong with the automatic renewal then you should receive a warning email.
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</p>
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+<h2 id="orgb492b32">I tried to renew a Let's Encrypt certificate and it failed. What should I do?</h2>
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<p>
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Most likely it's because Let's Encrypt doesn't support your particular domain or subdomain. Currently free subdomains tend not to work. You'll need to buy a domain name, link it to your dynamic DNS account and then do:
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</p>
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Almost everywhere on the web you will read that self-signed certificates are worthless. They bring up <i>scary-scary looking</i> browser warnings and gurus will advise you not to use them. Self-signed certificates are quite useful though. What the scary warnings mean - and it would be good if they explained this more clearly - is that you have an encrypted connection established but there is <i>no certainty about who that connection is with</i>. They probably will protect the content of your communications from passive bulk interception - such as the tapping of under-sea cables.
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</p>
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-<h2 id="org2e6f20f">Why not use the services of $company instead? They took the Seppuku pledge</h2>
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<a href="https://cryptostorm.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=2954&sid=7de2d1e699cfde2f574e6a7f6ea5a173">That pledge</a> is utterly worthless. Years ago people trusted Google in the same sort of way, because they promised not be be evil and because a lot of the engineers working for them seemed like honest types who were "<i>on our side</i>". Post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymwars">nymwars</a> and post-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)">PRISM</a> we know exactly how much Google cared about the privacy and security of its users. But Google is only one particular example. In general don't trust pledges made by companies, even if the people running them seem really sincere.
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<p>
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Welcome to the world of email. Email is really the archetypal decentralized service, developed during the early days of the internet. In principle anyone can run an email server, and that's exactly what you're doing with Freedombone. Email is very useful, but it has a big problem, and that's that the protocols are totally insecure. That made it easy for spammers to do their thing, and in response highly elaborate spam filtering and blocking systems were developed. Chances are that your emails are being blocked in this way. Sometimes the blocking is so indisciminate that entire countries are excluded. What can you do about it? Unless you control the block list at the receiving end you may not be able to do much unless you can find an email proxy server which is trusted by the receiving server.
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</p>
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Bob Mottram
8 years ago